Công nghiệp điện tử & bán dẫn Việt Nam: Báo cáo phát triển 2024–2026

2. National Strategic Framework: Decision 1018/QD-TTg & Policy Ecosystem

On September 21, 2024, Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh signed Decision No. 1018/QD-TTg, officially launching the Strategy for the Development of Vietnam’s Semiconductor Industry to 2030, with a Vision toward 2050.

2.1 The Strategic Formula: "C = SET + 1"

• C (Chip): Master specialized chip design, packaging, and niche manufacturing.
• S (Specialized): Target specialized chips for AI, IoT, automotive, power management, and industrial automation.
• E (Electronics): Synergy between semiconductors and Vietnam's massive domestic electronics manufacturing base.
• T (Talent): Human capital development as the core anchor.
• + 1: Position Vietnam as a secure, reliable, and resilient alternative in global semiconductor supply chains.

2.2 Three-Phase National Roadmap

2.3 Key Regulatory & Policy Enablers (2024–2026)

1. Investment Support Fund (Decree No. 182/2024/ND-CP):
2. Enacted December 31, 2024, to counteract the implementation of the Global Minimum Tax (GMT 15%).
3. Provides direct cash grants and non-tax financial support for strategic high-tech projects, equipment investments, R&D centers, and semiconductor workforce training.
4. Direct Power Purchase Agreement (DPPA – Decree 80/2024/ND-CP & Decree 57/2025/ND-CP):
5. Enables large semiconductor and tech manufacturers to purchase renewable electricity directly from green power producers, facilitating corporate RE100 and ESG mandates.

3. Key Players & Ecosystem Mapping

Vietnam’s ecosystem combines multinational technology leaders with aggressive domestic champions.

3.1 Global Semiconductor & Electronics Multi-Nationals (MNCs)

• Amkor Technology: Constructed one of the world's largest automated OSAT facilities in Bac Ninh, accelerating total investment to US$1.6 billion ahead of original timelines.
• Intel Corporation: Operates its largest global Assembly and Test (ATTP) plant in Saigon Hi-Tech Park (HCMC), representing over US$1.5 billion in cumulative capital.
• Hana Micron: Expanded semiconductor packaging and testing operations in Bac Giang, scaling toward a US$1.0 billion footprint.
• NVIDIA: Partnered with Vietnam to build an AI Research & Development Hub and an AI Data Center. NVIDIA co-launched a US$200 million AI Factory with FPT to deploy enterprise AI and chip design acceleration.
• Synopsys & Marvell: Established state-of-the-art IC Design Centers in Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang, collaborating with local universities to train physical design and verification engineers.
• Lam Research & Coherent: Strengthening equipment support, precision photonics, and supply chain logistics for OSAT and component production.
• Foxconn, Luxshare-ICT, Pegatron, Goertek, Compal: Primary EMS (Electronic Manufacturing Services) partners assembling iPhones, MacBooks, iPad components, smart wearables, and network hardware.

3.2 Domestic Champions & State Enterprises

• FPT Corporation (FPT Semiconductor): Pioneer in fabless IC design (power management ICs, IoT chips), co-building AI Factories, and expanding university chip curricula.
• Viettel Group (Viettel High Tech): Leading defense and telecom IC design, developing 5G/6G RF transceivers, IoT chips, and government microelectronics projects.
• Phenikaa Group & CMC Corporation: Investing in semiconductor packaging laboratories, EDA software licenses, and specialized workforce academies.

4. Major FDI Projects in the Last 2 Years (2024–2026)

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

|                               MAJOR FDI PROJECTS IN VIETNAM (2024-2026)                               |

+----------------------+--------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------------+

| Company              | Investment Value   | Location            | Project Scope / Focus               |

+----------------------+--------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------------+

| Amkor Technology     | US$ 1.6 Billion    | Bac Ninh            | Advanced Semiconductor OSAT Facility|

| Hana Micron          | US$ 1.0 Billion    | Bac Giang           | Memory & Logic Chip Packaging & Test|

| Foxconn              | US$ 551+ Million   | Quang Ninh          | Smart Devices & Display Modules     |

| NVIDIA & FPT         | US$ 200 Million    | Hanoi / Nationwide  | AI Factory & AI R&D Center          |

| Coherent Corp        | US$ 125+ Million   | Dong Nai / Bac Ninh | Advanced Optical & Photonics Components|

| Lam Research Ecosystem| Strategic Hub     | Northern Vietnam    | Equipment Maintenance & Supply Base |

| Vietnam 1st Fab      | Milestone Capital  | High-Tech Park      | Groundbroken Early 2026 (Niche Fab) |

+----------------------+--------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------------+

5. Key Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities

5.1 Key Industry Trends

1. Upward Shift from EMS to Chip Design & OSAT: Transition from basic SMT (Surface Mount Technology) assembly toward System-in-Package (SiP), Wafer-Level Packaging (WLP), and specialized IC design.
2. AI & High-Performance Computing Driven FDI: Rising demand for AI accelerators and low-power power management ICs (PMICs) driving R&D investments.
3. Decarbonization & Green Energy Compliance: MNCs requiring 100% renewable power verification via DPPA contracts before finalizing multi-hundred-million-dollar expansions.

5.2 Core Industry Challenges

1. Severe High-Tech Talent Bottleneck:
2. Vietnam currently possesses ~7,000 IC design engineers, while the 2030 national target demands 50,000+ engineers.
3. Shortage of senior architects, physical design leaders, and cleanroom process engineers.
4. Infrastructure & Power Grid Vulnerability:
5. Peak summer demand risks local brownouts in Northern industrial zones. Cleanrooms require 99.9999% power uptime and extreme voltage stability.
6. Underdeveloped Domestic Tier-2/Tier-3 Ecosystem:
7. Local raw materials, ultra-pure chemicals, silicon wafers, and precision tooling remain heavily imported (>80-90% imported inputs).
8. Global Minimum Tax (GMT) Transition Risk:
9. Traditional tax holidays (e.g., 4-year tax exemption, 9-year 50% reduction) are superseded by the 15% GMT, placing immense operational importance on the quick execution of Decree 182's Investment Support Fund grants.

5.3 Strategic Opportunities

• Geopolitical Realignment: Strong U.S. and EU strategic backing to diversify supply chain vulnerabilities outside traditional East Asian hubs.
• Extensive Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Network: Over 16 active FTAs (CPTPP, EVFTA, RCEP, UKVFTA) granting duty-free access to major hardware markets.
• Strong STEM Education Base: Large annual cohort of engineering graduates ready for cross-skilling into microelectronics.

6. Strategic Recommendations

To capitalize on the current multi-billion dollar momentum and reach the targets of Strategy 1018 by 2030, coordinated actions are required across five key pillars:

6.1 Recommendations for the Vietnam Government

• Rapid Deployment of Decree 182 Investment Support Fund: Establish clear, transparent claim mechanisms for cash grants targeting equipment acquisition, R&D expenditures, and talent subsidies to offset Global Minimum Tax impacts.
• Streamline Customs & Fast-Track High-Tech Logistics: Implement green-lane customs clearances for sensitive semiconductor materials (e.g., gases, wafers, chemicals) that require temperature-controlled or time-sensitive transport.
• Enhance Intellectual Property (IP) Protection & Enforcement: Strengthen digital IP protection laws and specialized commercial courts to build absolute confidence for fabless MNCs transferring sensitive chip architecture designs to Vietnam.
• Targeted Incentives for Fabless & Niche Fabs: Focus capital subsidies on 28nm–65nm legacy nodes, compound semiconductors (GaN, SiC for EV/power applications), and MEMS sensors rather than multi-billion dollar leading-edge sub-3nm fabs.

6.2 Recommendations for Industry & Domestic Enterprises

• Form Strategic Joint Ventures (JVs) with MNCs: Local firms (FPT, Viettel, Gelex, Phenikaa) should form JVs with tier-1 equipment suppliers and OSAT packaging leaders to accelerate technology transfer.
• Focus on Specialized Niche Chip Segments: Avoid direct competition in high-volume PC/mobile processors; target high-growth niches such as Automotive Power ICs, Smart Grid Metering, Agricultural IoT, and Industrial Control ICs.
• Upgrade Subcontracting & Supporting Industry Standards: Domestic manufacturing suppliers must attain ISO 13485, AS9100, and specialized ESD/cleanroom certifications to become qualified tier-2 suppliers for MNCs.

6.3 Recommendations for Foreign Investors

• Co-Invest in Local Academia & Co-Op Programs: Establish dedicated IC design and testing labs inside major universities (VNU, HUST, Danang Univ, HCMC University of Technology) to secure pre-graduated engineer pipelines.
• Leverage the DPPA Mechanism for Green Power: Secure long-term Corporate Power Purchase Agreements (CPPAs) with solar/wind developers under Decree 80/57 to guarantee RE100 compliance and grid stability.
• Apply Early for Cash Grants under Decree 182: Align project structures with Decree 182 criteria (e.g., establishing localized R&D centers and employing qualified engineering quotas) to maximize financial grants.

6.4 Recommendations for Education & Talent Development

• Standardize Microelectronics & EDA Curriculum: Integrate industry-standard EDA software tools (Synopsys, Cadence, Siemens EDA) directly into 3rd- and 4th-year electrical engineering degree programs.
• Establish National Semiconductor Training Centers: Build shared cleanroom training facilities and packaging labs in Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City funded via public-private partnerships (PPP).
• Cross-Skill Adjacent Engineering Disciplines: Create 6-to-12-month intensive bootcamps to upskill software developers, mechanical engineers, and physics graduates into IC physical design, verification, and layout roles.

6.5 Recommendations for Energy & Infrastructure Authorities

• Prioritize High-Reliability Dual-Circuit Grids for High-Tech Parks: Guarantee 100% uninterruptible power supply (UPS) connections and dedicated substations for Bac Ninh, Bac Giang, SHTP, and Da Nang Hi-Tech Parks.
• Accelerate PDP8 Renewable Energy Off-Grid Projects: Fast-track battery energy storage systems (BESS) and distributed rooftop solar within industrial zones to mitigate peak-load grid volatility.
• Expand Dedicated High-Tech Industrial Land: Reserve pre-serviced industrial parks equipped with centralized industrial wastewater treatment facilities capable of handling chemical effluents from semiconductor processing.

Report compiled for Executive Stakeholders | Data Current as of Q1 2026